SciREX拠点間連携プロジェクトFS公開講演
科学研究のプロジェクト構造とオーサーシップ:米国における分野横断的調査に基づく実証分析
Authorship norms and project structures in science
日時：2016年2月24日（水）16:00-17:30
会場：東京大学本郷キャンパス経済学研究科学術交流棟（小島ホール）
講師：John P. Walsh教授（School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology）
参加申込みはこちらから
言語：英語（日英同時通訳あり）
主催：東京大学科学技術イノベーション政策の科学教育・研究ユニット
協力：政策研究大学院大学 科学技術イノベーション政策研究センター（SciREXセンター）
研究プロジェクト名：拠点間連携プロジェクトFS ｢イノベーションに向けた産学連携体制の経緯と課題：プラットフォーム形成と利益相反マネジメント｣
【Abstract】
Scientific authorship has become a contested terrain in contemporary science. Based on a survey of authors across fields, we measure the likelihood of guests (people who only made specialized contributions, such as data, materials, or funding) and ghosts (those who did significant work on the project but do not appear as authors) across different research contexts, including field, size of the project team, commercial orientation, impact level, and organization of the collaboration? We find that “guest” and “ghost” authors are common, with about one third of publications having at least one “guest” author and over half having at least one “ghost” author. We see significant cross-field variations in both overall rates and types of guest and ghost authors. We find there are generally fewer guest authors among highly cited papers, and more graduate student ghost authors in single location projects. The results suggest authorship practices vary across fields, and by project characteristics, making complicating the use of authorship lists as a basis for evaluation (especially when comparing across fields or types of projects). We discuss implications of these findings for interpreting author lists in the context of science policy.
【講師プロフィール】
Prof. John P. Walsh
John P. Walsh teaches and does research on science, technology and innovation, using a sociological perspective that focuses on organizations and work to explain how research organizations respond to changes in their policy environment. Recent work ncludes studies of university-industry linkages in the US and Japan, the effects of research tool patents on biomedical researchers and country and industry differences in the role of patents in firm strategy. His work has been published in Science, Research Policy, Social Studies of Science, and Management Science. His work has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, the Matsushita Foundation and the Japan Foundation, and he has done consulting for the National Academy of Sciences, the OECD, the European Commission and the American Association for the Advancement of science.
【関連リンク】
School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology
02.24.2016
